Measuring vulnerability

IP214 (former IP14 & IP15)

IP214 is designed to provide the participants in the NCCR LIVES with high methodological competences in data collection and data management and with advanced statistical tools for the analysis of vulnerability and resilience processes in the life course. The project merges the forces of the two previous methodological IPs. While in Phase 1 (2011-2014) IP14 invested most of its energy in the development of longitudinal methods for studying life courses, especially sequence analysis, in Phase 2 (2015-2018) we want to focus analytically on vulnerabilities as states, risks and processes. Work on the quality of survey data conducted by IP15 in Phase 1 will be extended in Phase 2, maintaining a strong focus on processes of data production with respect to vulnerability.

>> Softwares

Team:

Prof. André Berchtold, Prof. Paolo Ghisletta, Prof. Dominique Joye, Prof. Michel Oris, Prof. Caroline Roberts
Dr. Delphine Courvoisier, Dr. Pascal Gaberel, Dr. Brian Kleiner, Dr. Matthias Studer
Henning Atzamba, Sophie Rossillion

Doctoral students:
Dan Orsholits, Serguei Rouzinov

News published on IP214

Publications

Selected publications

Studer, M., & Ritschard, G.. (2016). What matters in differences between life trajectories: A comparative review of sequence dissimilarity measures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 179(2), 481-511. doi:10.1111/rssa.12125

Article (PDF) (815.51 KB)

Bürgin, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2015). Tree-based varying coefficient regression for longitudinal ordinal responses. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 86, 65-80. doi:10.1016/j.csda.2015.01.003

Article (PDF) (626.91 KB)

Bolano, D., & Berchtold, A.. (2016). General framework and model building in the class of Hidden Mixture Transition Distribution models. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 93, 131-145. doi:10.1016/j.csda.2014.09.011

Article (PDF) (488.77 KB)

Other publications

Ritschard, G., & Studer, M.. (2018). Sequence analysis: Where are we, where wre we going?. In G. Ritschard & Studer, M. (Eds.), Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications. (Vol. 10). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2_1

Chapter(PDF) (288.2 KB)

Ritschard, G., Bussi, M., & O’Reilly, J.. (2018). An index of precarity for measuring early employment insecurity. In G. Ritschard & Studer, M. (Eds.), Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications (pp. 289–308). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2_16

Chapter(PDF) (404.47 KB)

Studer, M. (2018). Divisive property-based and fuzzy clustering for sequence analysis. In G. Ritschard & Studer, M. (Eds.), Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications (pp. 233–239). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2_13

Chapter(PDF) (464.42 KB)

Taushanov, Z., & Berchtold, A.. (2018). Markovian-based clustering of internet addiction trajectories. In G. Ritschard & Studer, M. (Eds.), Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications. (pp. 203-222). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2_12

Chapter(PDF) (455.95 KB)

Rossignon, F., Studer, M., Gauthier, J. - A., & Le Goff, J. - M.. (2018). Sequence history analysis (SHA): Estimating the effect of past trajectories on an upcoming event. In G. Ritschard & Studer, M. (Eds.), Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications. (pp. 83–100). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2_6

Chapter(PDF) (472.47 KB)

Zhelyazkova, N., & Ritschard, G.. (2018). Parental Leave Take-Up of Fathers in Luxembourg. Population Research and Policy Review, 37, 769-793. doi:10.1007/s11113-018-9470-8

Article(PDF) (593.74 KB)

Ritschard, G., & Studer, M. (Eds.). (2018). Sequence analysis and related approaches : Innovative methods and applications. Life Course Research and social Policies (Vol. 10). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95420-2

Berchtold, A., Akre, C., Barrense-Dias, Y., Zimmermann, G., & Suris, J. - C.. (2018). Daily internet time: towards an evidence-based recommendation?. European Journal of Public Health, 1–5. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cky054

Article(PDF) (80.75 KB)

Buergin, R. Arthur, & Ritschard, G.. (2017). Coefficient-wise tree-based varying coefficient regression with vcrpart. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(6), 1–33. doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i06

Article(PDF) (752.53 KB)

Zhelyazkova, N., & Ritschard, G.. (2017). Parental leave within the broader employment trajectory: What can we learn from administrative records?. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 36(7), 607–627. doi:10.1108/EDI-05-2017-0109

Article(PDF) (390.71 KB)

Brandmaier, A. M., von Oertzen, T., Ghisletta, P., Lindenberger, U., & Hertzog, C.. (2018). Precision, reliability, and effect size of slope variance in latent growth curve models: Implications for statistical power analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00294

Article(PDF) (1.21 MB)

Aichele, S., & Ghisletta, P.. (2018). Memory deficits precede increases in depressive symptoms in later adulthood. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbx183

Article(PDF) (292.98 KB)

Joly-Burra, E., Van der Linden, M., & Ghisletta, P.. (2018). Intraindividual variability in inhibition and prospective memory in healthy older adults: Insights from response regularity and rapidity. Journal of Intelligence, 6(13), 1–27. doi:10.3390/jintelligence6010013

Article(PDF) (957.17 KB)

Studer, M., Liefbroer, A. C., & Mooyaart, J. E.. (2018). Understanding trends in family formation trajectories: An application of Competing Trajectories Analysis (CTA). Advances in Life Course Research, 36, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2018.02.003

Article(PDF) (987.18 KB)

Ghisletta, P., Renaud, O., Fagot, D., Lecerf, T., & de Ribaupierre, A.. (2018). Age and sex differences in intra-individual variability in a simple reaction time task. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(2), 294–299. doi:10.1177/0165025417739179

Article(PDF) (168.16 KB)

Mella, N., Grob, E., Döll, S., Ghisletta, P., & de Ribaupierre, A.. (2017). Leisure activities and change in cognitive stability: A multivariate approach. Brain sciences, 7(27), 1-14. doi:10.3390/brainsci7030027

Article (PDF) (256.31 KB)

Bürgin, R., Schumacher, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2017). Changes in the order of family life events in 20th-century Europe: A cross-regional perspective. Historical life course studies, 4, 41-58.

Article (PDF) (663.54 KB)

Gabadinho, A., & Ritschard, G.. (2016). Analyzing state sequences with probabilistic suffix trees: the PST R package. Journal of Statistical Software, 72(3), 1-39. doi:doi:10.18637/jss.v072.i03

Article (PDF) (792.16 KB)

Berchtold, A. (2016). Test–retest: Agreement or reliability?. Methodological Innovations, 9, 1-7. doi:10.1177/2059799116672875

Article (PDF) (579.51 KB)

Taushanov, Z., & Berchtold, A.. (2017). A direct local search method and its application to a markovian model. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, 5(1), 19–34. doi:10.19139/soic.v5i1.253

Article(PDF) (174.96 KB)

Struffolino, E., Studer, M., & Fasang, A.. (2016). Gender, education, and family life courses in East and West Germany: Insights from new sequence analysis techniques. Advances in Life Course Research, 29, 66-79. doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2015.12.001

Article (PDF) (1.79 MB)

Wolf, C., Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.). (2016). The SAGE handbook of survey methodology. London, UK: SAGE. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473957893

Joye, D., Wolf, C., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih. (2016). Survey methodology: challenges and principles. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 3-15). London, UK: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n1

Chapter (PDF) (77.96 KB)

Loosveldt, G., & Joye, D.. (2016). Defining and assessing survey climate. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 67-76). London, UK: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n6

Chapter (PDF) (100.47 KB)

Schneider, S. L. (2016). When translation is not enough: background variables in comparative surveys. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 288-308). London, UK: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n20

Chapter (PDF) (1.08 MB)

Ernst Stähli, M., & Joye, D.. (2016). Incentives as a possible measure to increase response rates. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 425-440). London: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n28

Chapter (PDF) (206.35 KB)

Wolf, C., Schneider, S. L., Behr, D., & Joye, D.. (2016). Harmonizing survey questions between cultures and over time. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 502-524). London, UK: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n33

Chapter (PDF) (594.25 KB)

Roberts, C. (2016). Response styles in surveys: Understanding their causes and mitigating their impact on data quality. In C. Wolf, Joye, D., Smith, T., & Fu, Y. -chih (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology (pp. 579-598). London: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781473957893.n36

Chapter (PDF) (100.75 KB)

Ritschard, G., & Studer, M.. (2016). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods, LaCOSA II. Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Book ( PDF ) (35.2 MB)

Taushanov, Z., & Berchtold, A.. (2016). Comparison of two bootstrap procedures in the case of hidden Markovian model clustering. In . Oviedo, Spain: European Regional Section of the IASC. Retrieved from http://www.compstat2016.org/

Bachmann, L., Gaberel, P., & Modak, M.. (2016). Parentalité: Perspectives critiques (First.). Lausanne, Switzerland: Éditions EESP.

Book (PDF) (153.7 KB)

Adamopoulos, P., Ritschard, G., & Berchtold, A.. (2016). Using dynamic microsimulation to understand professional trajectories of the active Swiss population. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) (pp. 151-154). Lausanne, Switzerland: NCCR LIVES. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Chapter (PDF) (27.15 MB)

Zhelyazkova, N., & Ritschard, G.. (2016). Discovering and explaining patterns of work-family reconciliation in Luxembourg. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) (pp. 143-147). Lausanne, Switzerland: NCCR LIVES. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Chapter (PDF) (27.15 MB)

Bolano, D., Berchtold, A., & Ritschard, G.. (2016). A discussion on hidden Markov models for life course data. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) (pp. 241-260). Lausanne, Switzerland: NCCR LIVES. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Chapter (PDF) (6.47 MB)

Elzinga, C., & Studer, M.. (2016). Normalization of distance and similarity in sequence analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) (pp. 445-468). Lausanne, Switzerland: NCCR LIVES. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Chapter (PDF) (27.15 MB)

Bolano, D., & Haynes, M.. (2016). Methodological approaches to profiling and modelling disadvantaged employment pathways. An application to employment trajectories in Australia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sequence Analysis and Related Methods (LaCOSA II) (pp. 851-862). Lausanne, Switzerland: NCCR-LIVES. Retrieved from https://lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/sites/lacosa.lives-nccr.ch/files/lacosa2-proceedings.pdf

Chapter (PDF) (27.15 MB)

Berchtold, A., & Suris, J. - C.. (2017). Imputation of repeatedly observed multinomial variables in longitudinal surveys. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 46(4), 3267–3283. doi:10.1080/03610918.2015.1082588

Article(PDF) (1.12 MB)

Suris, J. - C., Akre, C., & Bélanger, R.. (2016). Changes in cannabis and tobacco use trajectories from age 17 to age 23. In Transitions des adolescents et des jeunes adultes en Suisse. Résultats de l'étude longitudinale TREE (Second., pp. 252-272). Basel, Switzerland: Seismo. Retrieved from http://www.seismoverlag.ch/fr/daten/transitionen-im-jugend-und-jungen-erwachsenenalter/books/new/

Chapter (PDF) (2.47 MB)

Oris, M., Roberts, C., Joye, D., & Ernst Stähli, M.. (2016). Surveying human vulnerabilities across the life course: Balancing substantive and methodological challenges. In M. Oris, Roberts, C., Joye, D., & Ernst Stähli, M. (Eds.), Surveying human vulnerabilities across the life course (pp. 1-25). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24157-9_1

Chapter (PDF) (265.58 KB)

Roberts, C., Joye, D., & Ernst Stähli, M.. (2016). Mixing modes of data collection in Swiss social surveys: Methodological report of the LIVES-FORS mixed mode experiment. LIVES Working Papers, 2016(48), 1-42. doi:10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2016.48

Article (PDF) (1.45 MB)

Appendix (PDF) (23.71 MB)

Gaberel, P. (2014). Instaurer des normes de bonne parentalité. Les indicateurs statistiques des risques et du bien-être de l’enfant aux États-Unis. In C. Martin (Ed.), «Être un bon parent»: Une injonction contemporaine. (pp. 53-72). Paris: Presses de l'École des hautes études en santé publique.

Bertrand, A. - L., Oris, M., Prabhat, D., & Oza, S.. (2015). Déterminants socioéconomiques et culturels du contrôle des naissances dans les bidonvilles de Mumbai: une contribution à la compréhension du malthusianisme de la pauvreté. In A. Adjamagbo & Antoine, P. (Eds.), Démographie et politiques sociales (Actes du XVIIe colloque, Ouagadougou, novembre 2012) (pp. 1-18). Paris: AIDELF. Retrieved from http://www.erudit.org/livre/aidelf/2012/004086co.pdf

Article (PDF) (374.86 KB)

Bürgin, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2015). Package 'vcrpart'. Tree-based varying coefficient regression for generalized linear and ordinal mixed models (pp. 1-57). CRAN. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vcrpart/

Report (PDF) (272.62 KB)

Studer, M., Hadziabdic, S., & Ritschard, G.. (2015). Analyse des trajectoires des chômeurs en fin de droits dans le canton de Genève (p. 183). Cour des comptes de la République et canton de Genève. Retrieved from http://www.cdc-ge.ch/Htdocs/Files/v/6428.pdf/Rapportsdaudit/2015/rapportfinalUni09.04.2015.pdf

Report (PDF) (6.01 MB)

Studer, M. (2015). Comment: On the use of globally interdependent multiple sequence analysis. Sociological Methodology, 45(1), 81-88. doi:10.1177/0081175015588095

Article (PDF) (180.8 KB)

Elzinga, C., & Studer, M.. (2015). Spell sequences, state proximities and distance metrics. Sociological Methods & Research, 44(1), 3-47. doi:10.1177/0049124114540707

Article (PDF) (724.75 KB)

Studer, M., & Ritschard, G.. (2014). A comparative review of sequence dissimilarity measures. LIVES Working Papers, 2014(33), 1-47. doi:10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2014.33

Article (PDF) (1.21 MB)

Gabadinho, A., Studer, M., Müller, N. S., Bürgin, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2014). Package 'TraMineR'. Trajectory miner: A toolbox for exploring and rendering sequence dat (pp. 1-135). CRAN. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TraMineR/TraMineR.pdf

Report (PDF) (462.68 KB)

Gabadinho, A. (2014). Package 'PST'. Probabilistic suffix trees and variable length Markov chains (pp. 1-40). CRAN. Retrieved from http://cran.fhcrc.org/web/packages/PST/PST.pdf

Report (PDF) (255.55 KB)

Rousseaux, E., & Deville, M.. (2014). Package 'spnet': Plotting (social) networks on maps (pp. 1-61). CRAN. Retrieved from http://cran.at.r-project.org/web/packages/spnet/spnet.pdf

Report (PDF) (174.54 KB)

Rousseaux, E., Bolano, D., & Ritschard, G.. (2013). The Rsocialdata package: Handling survey data in R (pp. 1-23). R-Forge. Retrieved from http:// www.rsocialdata.org/

Report (PDF) (375.1 KB)

Widmer, E., & Ritschard, G.. (2013). Tous égaux devant la pluralisation des parcours de vie? Déstandardisation des trajectoires familiales et professionnelles et insertions sociales. In S. Gaudet, Burlone, N., & Lévesque, M. (Eds.), Repenser la famille et ses transitions. Repenser les politiques publiques (pp. 79-110). Laval, Canada: Presses de l'Université de Laval. Retrieved from http://www.pulaval.com/produit/repenser-la-famille-et-ses-transitions-repenser-les-politiques-publiques

Losa, F. B., Bigotta, M., Stephani, E., & Ritschard, G.. (2014). D'où venons-nous? Que sommes-nous? Où allons-nous? Analyse des parcours professionnels des chômeurs de longue durée en Suisse (p. 114). Giubiasco, Switzerland: Ufficio di Statistica TI.

Bürgin, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2014). A decorated parallel coordinate plot for categorical longitudinal data. The American Statistician, 68(2), 98-103. doi:10.1080/00031305.2014.887591

Article (PDF) (258.03 KB)

Dribe, M., Manfredini, M., & Oris, M.. (2014). The roads to reproduction: Comparing life-course trajectories in preindustrial Europe. In C. Lundh & Kurosu, S. (Eds.), Similarity in difference. Marriage in Europe and Asia 1700-1900 (pp. 85-116). Boston: MIT Press.

Chapter (PDF) (266.97 KB)

Oris, M., & Ritschard, G.. (2014). Sequence analysis and transition to adulthood: An exploration of the access to reproduction in nineteenth-century East Belgium. In P. Blanchard, Bühlmann, F., & Gauthier, J. - A. (Eds.), Advances in sequence analysis: Theory, method, applications (pp. 152-167). New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London: Springer.

Chapter (PDF) (1.76 MB)

Schumacher, R., Matthijs, K., & Moreels, S.. (2013). Migration and reproduction in an urbanizing context. Family life courses in 19th century Antwerp and Geneva. Quetelet Journal, 1, 19-40. doi:10.14428/rqj2013.01.01.03

Article (PDF) (940.23 KB)

Pushmann, P., Grönberg, P. - O., Schumacher, R., & Matthijs, K.. (2014). Access to marriage and reproduction among migrants in Antwerp and Stockholm. A longitudinal approach to processes of social inclusion and exclusion, 1846-1926. The History of the Family, 19, 29-52. doi:10.1080/1081602X.2013.796889

Article (PDF) (326.39 KB)

Gabadinho, A., & Ritschard, G.. (2013). Searching for typical life trajectories applied to childbirth histories. In R. Levy & Widmer, E. (Eds.), Gendered life courses between individualization and standardization. A European approach applied to Switzerland (pp. 287-312). Vienna: LIT Verlag.

McArdle, J. J., & Ritschard, G.. (2013). Contemporary issues in exploratory data mining in the behavioral sciences. Quantitative Methodology Series (p. 496). London & New York: Routledge.

Bürgin, R., & Ritschard, G.. (2013). Rendering the order of life events. LIVES Working Papers, 2013(29), 1-16. doi:10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.29

Article (PDF) (1.68 MB)

Ritschard, G., Bürgin, R., & Studer, M.. (2013). Exploratory mining of life event histories. In J. J. McArdle & Ritschard, G. (Eds.), Contemporary issues in exploratory data mining in the behavioral sciences (pp. 221-253). London & New York: Routledge.

Article (PDF) (605.43 KB)

Ritschard, G., Bürgin, R., Studer, M., & Müller, N. S.. (2013). TraMineRextras: Extras for use with the TraMineR package. CRAN. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TraMineRextras/index.html

Report (PDF) (181.81 KB)

Ritschard, G. (2012). Exploring sequential data. (J. - G. Ganascia, Lenca, P., & Petit, J. - M., Eds.)Discovery science: 15th international conference: Proceedings. Berlin: Springer.

Studer, M., Struffolino, E., & Fasang, A.. (2018). Estimating the relationship between time-varying covariates and trajectories: The sequence analysis multistate model procedure. Sociological Methodology, 43(1), 1-34. doi:10.1177/0081175017747122

Article(PDF) (547.46 KB)

Oris, M., Ritschard, G., & Perroux, O.. (2010). Growing religious pluralism in early nineteenth-century Geneva: New methods for revealing hidden structures and dynamics from censuses. Popolazione e Storia, 11, 43-58. doi:10.4424/ps2010-10

Article (PDF) (469.85 KB)

Studer, M. (2013). WeightedCluster Library Manual: A practical guide to creating typologies of trajectories in the social sciences with R. LIVES Working Papers, 2013(24), 1-32. doi:10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.24

Article (PDF) (1.67 MB)

Bürgin, R., Ritschard, G., & Rousseaux, E.. (2012). Visualisation de séquences d'événements. Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, Extraction et gestion des connaissances (RNTI-E), 23, 559-560.

Article (PDF) (76.41 KB)

Losa, F. B., Bigotta, M., Stephani, E., & Ritschard, G.. (2012). Trajectoires des chômeurs de longue durée en Suisse – une analyse de données AVS/AI. Sécurité sociale CHSS, 2012(4), 224-228.

Article (PDF) (324.02 KB)

Gabadinho, A., Ritschard, G., Müller, N. S., & Studer, M.. (2011). Analyzing and visualizing state sequences in R with TraMineR. Journal of Statistical Software, 40(4), 1-37. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i04

Article (PDF) (1.35 MB)

Bigotta, M., Losa, F. B., Ritschard, G., & Stephani, E.. (2011). Le parcours professionnel des chômeurs de longue durée en Suisse. La Vie économique, 2011(7/8), 51-54.

Article (PDF) (250.68 KB)

Gabadinho, A., Ritschard, G., Studer, M., & Müller, N. S.. (2011). Extracting and rendering representative sequences. In A. Fred, Dietz, J. L. G., Liu, K., & Filipe, J. (Eds.), Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (pp. 94-106). Berlin: Springer.

Article (PDF) (1.34 MB)

Studer, M., Ritschard, G., Gabadinho, A., & Müller, N. S.. (2011). Discrepancy Analysis of State Sequences. Sociological Methods & Research, 40(3), 471-510. doi:10.1177/0049124111415372

Article (PDF) (1.14 MB)